Introduction of polycystic ovarian syndrome:
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition that affects a woman’s hormone levels.
Women with PCOS produce higher than normal amounts of male hormones. This hormonal imbalance causes the body to skip menstrual periods and makes it difficult to get pregnant.
Polycystic ovary syndrome also causes hair growth on the face and body and baldness. And it can contribute to long-term effects on a woman’s body.
Women with PCOS produce higher than normal amounts of males.
PCOS is a hormonal problem that affects women during their childbearing years. Between 2.2 and 26.7 per cent of women in this age group have PCOS.
Many women have PCOS but don’t know it. In one study, up to 70% of women with PCOS went undiagnosed.
PCOS affects a woman’s ovaries, the reproductive organs that produce oestrogen and progesterone, hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle. The ovaries also make a small number of male hormones called androgens.
The ovaries release eggs to be fertilized by the man’s sperm. The release of an egg each month is called ovulation.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which are produced in the pituitary gland, control ovulation.
FSH stimulates the ovary to produce a follicle, a sac containing an egg, and then LH causes the ovary to release a mature egg.
PCOS is a “syndrome” or group of symptoms that affect the ovaries and ovulation. Its three main characteristics are:
• ovarian cysts
• high levels of male hormones
• irregular or skipped periods
In PCOS, many small fluid-filled sacs grow inside the ovaries. The word “polycystic” means “many cysts.”
These sacs are follicles, and each contains an immature egg. The eggs never mature enough to trigger ovulation.
The lack of ovulation changes the levels of oestrogen, progesterone, FSH and LH. Progesterone levels are lower than normal, while androgen levels are higher than normal.
The extra male hormones interrupt the menstrual cycle, which is why women with PCOS have fewer periods than normal.
PCOS is not a new condition. The Italian physician Antonio Vallisneri first described his symptoms in 1721.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition that affects a woman’s hormone levels.
Women with PCOS produce higher than normal amounts of male hormones. This hormonal imbalance causes the body to skip menstrual periods and makes it difficult to get pregnant.
Polycystic ovary syndrome also causes hair growth on the face and body and baldness. And it can contribute to long-term effects on a woman’s body.
Women with PCOS produce higher than normal amounts of males.
PCOS is a hormonal problem that affects women during their childbearing years. Between 2.2 and 26.7 per cent of women in this age group have PCOS.
Many women have PCOS but don’t know it. In one study, up to 70% of women with PCOS went undiagnosed.
PCOS affects a woman’s ovaries, the reproductive organs that produce oestrogen and progesterone, hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle. The ovaries also make a small number of male hormones called androgens.
The ovaries release eggs to be fertilized by the man’s sperm. The release of an egg each month is called ovulation.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which are produced in the pituitary gland, control ovulation.
FSH stimulates the ovary to produce a follicle, a sac containing an egg, and then LH causes the ovary to release a mature egg.
PCOS is a “syndrome” or group of symptoms that affect the ovaries and ovulation. Its three main characteristics are:
• ovarian cysts
• high levels of male hormones
• irregular or skipped periods
In PCOS, many small fluid-filled sacs grow inside the ovaries. The word “polycystic” means “many cysts.”
These sacs are follicles, and each contains an immature egg. The eggs never mature enough to trigger ovulation.
The lack of ovulation changes the levels of oestrogen, progesterone, FSH and LH. Progesterone levels are lower than normal, while androgen levels are higher than normal.
The extra male hormones interrupt the menstrual cycle, which is why women with PCOS have fewer periods than normal.
PCOS is not a new condition. The Italian physician Antonio Vallisneri first described his symptoms in 1721.
Symptoms Of polycystic ovarian syndrome :
The symptoms of PCOS usually begin around the time of the first menstrual period. Sometimes symptoms develop later after you’ve had your period for a while.
The symptoms of PCOS vary. A diagnosis of PCOS is made when you have at least two of these:
• Irregular periods. having few menstrual periods or having irregular periods are common signs of PCOS. As well as having periods that last for many days or longer than is normal for a period. For example, you may have fewer than nine terms per year. And these periods can occur more than 35 days apart. You may have trouble getting pregnant.
• Very androgenic. High levels of the androgen hormone can lead to excess facial hair.
Too much insulin can make your body produce too much male hormone androgen. You may have problems with ovulation, the process in which the eggs are released from the ovary.
A sign of insulin resistance is dark patches of skin on the underside of the skin, under the armpits, and the breasts. An increased appetite and weight gain could be other signs.
• mild inflammation. White blood cells produced substances in response to an infection or injury. This response is called mild inflammation. Research shows that people with PCOS have a type of low-grade, wide-ranging inflammation that causes polycystic ovaries to produce androgens. This can cause problems with the heart and blood vessels.
• Inheritance. Research suggests that specific genes may be related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Having a family history of PCOS may play a role in the development of the condition.
• Excessive androgen. With PCOS, the ovaries can produce high levels of androgens. Having too much androgen interferes with ovulation. This means that the eggs do not develop regularly and are not released from the follicles from which they develop. Excess androgens can also cause hirsutism and acne.
complications of PCOS:
If you have PCOS and your androgen levels are very high, you are more likely to have several complications. These may differ from persona to persona and include:
Trouble getting fertilized. These cysts in the ovaries can interfere with ovulation. This is when one of your ovaries releases an egg each month. If a healthy egg is not available to be fertilized by a sperm, it cannot get fertilized. However, it can be fertilized if you have PCOS. But you may need to take medication and work with a fertility specialist to make it happen.
Insulin problems and diabetes. Insulin resistance can make your body produce too many androgens. You have insulin resistance, the cells in your muscles, organs and other tissues don’t absorb the sugar in your blood very well. As a result, there may be too much sugar moving through your bloodstream. This is called diabetes and it can cause problems with the cardiovascular and nervous systems. PCOS can also cause gestational diabetes (diabetes during pregnancy).
occurrence. This group of symptoms increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Symptoms include high levels of triglycerides and low levels of HDL cholesterol, high blood pressure and high blood sugar levels.
Other common complications of PCOS include:
• Miscarriage or late birth.
• depression.
• Anxiety.
• Bleeding from the uterus and risk of uterine cancer.
• sleep problems, including sleep apnoea.
• Liver inflammation.
Diagnosis of PCOS:
No individual test can diagnose PCOS. Your doctor started talking about your symptoms and medical history and did a physical and possibly a pelvic exam.
You may have blood analysis to measure your hormone levels, blood sugar and cholesterol. An ultrasound can check the ovaries for cysts, ultrasound measure the lining of the uterus.
Treatment of PCOS:
Your doctor will determine treatment based on your symptoms, medical history and other health conditions, and if you want to be embarrassed. Treatments may include medication, lifestyle changes, or a combination of both.
If you don’t plan to get pregnant, treatments include:
• Hormonal birth control: Options include birth control pills, patches, injections, vaginal rings or intrauterine devices (IUD). Hormonal birth control helps regulate your menstrual cycle, improves acne and improves velvet overgrowth.
• Insulin sensitizing drug: Metformin is a drug used to treat diabetes. It works by helping your body to process insulin. Once insulin is controlled, some people with PCOS have improved menstrual cycles.
• Drugs to block androgens: Some drugs can block the effect of androgens. This helps to control acne growth caused by polycystic ovary syndrome.
surgeons rarely perform this procedure.
• In vitro fertilization (IVF): Your egg is fertilized with your partner’s sperm in a laboratory and then transferred to your uterus. This is an option for women with PCOS when medications do not help with ovulation.
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